Nutrition — Heterotrophy — Biotrophy — Asymbiosis — Antagonism — Herbivory — Granivory

Spermestes cf. bicolor (Estrildidae, Lonchurinae) — 27.02.2023

Uraeginthus bengalus (Estrildidae, Lagonostictinae) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 23.02.2023

Crithagra citrinelloides (Fringillidae, Carduelinae, Carduelini) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 17.03.2023