ITCER Site — Types of Interspecific Interactions
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Nutrition types
Adiantum sp. (Pteridaceae, Vittarioideae, Adianteae) — 14.03.2023
cf. Vernonia sp. (Asteraceae, Vernonioideae, Vernonieae) — 08.05.2023
Chamaeleo dilepis (Chamaelenidae, Chamaeleoninae, Chamaeleonini) and Markhamia lutea (Bignoniaceae, Tecomeae) — 11.09.2023
Amietia nutti (Pyxicephalidae, Cacosterninae) and water surface — 21.10.2022
Mantis cf. religiosa (Mantidae, Mantinae, Mantini) and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae, Lantanoideae, Lantaneae) — 31.08.2022
Mantis cf. religiosa (Mantidae, Mantinae, Mantini) — 08.08.2023
Argiope trifasciata (Araneidae, Argiopinae, Argiopini) — 28.03.2023
Gea infuscata (Araneidae, Argiopinae) — 13.12.2022
cf. Larinioides sp. (Araneidae, Araneinae) and Poaceae sp. — 23.02.2023
Nephila sp. ( (Nephilidae, Nephilinae, Nephilini) and Dovyalis caffra (Salicaceae, Salicoideae, Saliceae) [planted] — 23.09.2023
Lophaetus occipitalis (Accipitridae, Aquilinae, Aquilini) and Markhamia lutea (Bignoniaceae, Tecomeae) — 16.09.2022
Trachylepis striata (Scincidae, Mabuyinae) and Dovyalis caffra (Salicaceae, Salicoideae, Saliceae) [planted] — 23.09.2022
Philothamnus cf. battersbyi (Colubridae, Colubrinae) — 04.02.2023
Rhynocoris cf. tristis (Reduviidae, Harpactorinae, Harpactorini) [nymph] and cf. Coccinellidae sp. [larva] and Triumfetta rhomboidea (Malvaceae, Grewioideae, Apeibeae) — 27.10.2022
Asilidae sp. 27.05.2022
Cercomantispa sp. (Mantispidae, Mantispinae, Mantispini) and cf. Cenchrus sp. (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae) — 23.09.2022
Palpopleura cf. portia (Libellulidae, Palpopleurinae, Palpopleurini) [♂] and stalk — 16.10.2022
Pseudagrion hageni (Coenagrionidae, Pseudagrioninae, Pseudagrionini) [♂] and Poaceae sp. (dead stalk) — 01.11.2022
Dolomedes sp. (Pisauridae, Dolomedinae, Dolomedini) [six-legged aberration or Batesian mimicry] and water surface — 28.03.2023
Hyllus dotatus (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) and Poaceae sp. — 28.03.2023
Thyene inflata (Salticidae, Salticinae, Plexippini) [♀?] — 31.10.2022
Mexcala elegans (Salticidae, Salticinae, Chrysillini) [♂] and stone wall surface — 04.08.2022
Lophaetus occipitalis (Accipitridae, Aquilinae, Aquilini) and Markhamia lutea (Bignoniaceae, Tecomeae) — 16.09.2022
Buteo augur (Accipitridae, Buteoninae, Buteonini) and wooden electricity pylon — 10.06.2023
Acanthocercus ugandaensis (Agamidae, Agaminae) and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae, Lantanoideae, Lantaneae) — 08.02.2023
Trachylepis striata (Scincidae, Mabuyinae) and Dovyalis caffra (Salicaceae, Salicoideae, Saliceae) [planted] — 23.09.2022
Philothamnus cf. battersbyi (Colubridae, Colubrinae) — 04.02.2023
Amietia nutti (Pyxicephalidae, Cacosterninae) and water surface — 21.10.2022
Rhynocoris sp. (Reduviidae, Harpactorinae, Harpactorini) [nymph] and Formicidae sp. — 16.10.2023
Rhynocoris sp. (Reduviidae, Harpactorinae, Harpactorini) and Formicidae sp. and Poaceae sp. — 31.05.2023
Rhynocoris tristis (Reduviidae, Harpactorinae, Harpactorini) [imago, eggs] — 21.10.2022
Rhynocoris cf. tristis (Reduviidae, Harpactorinae, Harpactorini) [nymph] and cf. Coccinellidae sp. [larva] and Triumfetta rhomboidea (Malvaceae, Grewioideae, Apeibeae) — 27.10.2022
Syrphidae sp. [larva] and Aphididae, Aphidinae sp. and Ipomoea obscura (Convolvulaceae, Convolvuloideae, Ipomoeeae) — 21.10.2023
Syrphidae sp. [larva] and Aphididae, Aphidinae sp. and Ipomoea obscura (Convolvulaceae, Convolvuloideae, Ipomoeeae) — 21.10.2023
Palpopleura cf. portia (Libellulidae, Palpopleurinae, Palpopleurini) [♂] and stalk — 16.10.2022
Synema cf. imitatrix (Thomisidae, Thomisinae, Diaeini) and Apis mellifera scutellata (Apidae, Apinae) [⚲] and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 06.07.2023
Thomisus cf. daradioides (Thomisidae, Thomisinae, Thomisini) and Apis mellifera scutellata (Apidae, Apinae, Apini) [⚲] and cf. Desmometopa sp. (Milichiidae, Madizinae, Madizini) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 12.06.2023
Thomisus cf. daradioides (Thomisidae, Thomisinae, Thomisini) and Apis mellifera scutellata (Apidae, Apinae, Apini) [⚲] and cf. Desmometopa sp. (Milichiidae, Madizinae, Madizini) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 07.08.2023
Thomisus cf. daradioides (Thomisidae, Thomisinae, Thomisini) and Lucilia cuprina (Calliphoridae, Luciliinae, Luciliini) and Solanum incanum (Solanaceae, Solanoideae, Solaneae) — 02.06.2023
Thomisus cf. daradioides (Thomisidae, Thomisinae, Thomisini) and cf. Odontotermes sp. (Termitidae, Macrotermitinae, Odontotermitini) [♀] and pole of painted timber — 11.03.2023
Sepedon cf. nasuta (Sciomyzidae, Sciomyzinae, Tetanocerini) and Poaceae sp. — 29.08.2022
Sepedon cf. nasuta (Sciomyzidae, Sciomyzinae, Tetanocerini) [♂,♀] and stalk — 18.10.2022
Culicidae sp. and Poaceae sp. — 26.09.2022
cf. Toxorhynchites sp. (Culicidae, Culicinae) and plastered wall surface — 13.03.2023
Amietia nutti (Pyxicephalidae, Cacosterninae) [tadpole] and water surface — 28.03.2023
Amietia nutti (Pyxicephalidae, Cacosterninae) [tadpole] and water surface — 28.03.2023
cf. Aspidimorpha areata (Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae, Aspidimorphini) and Alternanthera pungens (Amaranthaceae, Gomphrenoideae, Gomphreneae) — 24.10.2022
Solanophila cf. paykullii (Coccinellidae, Epilachninae, Epilachnini) [larva] and Crassocephalum vitellinum (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Senecioneae) — 04.05.2023
Solanophila cf. paykullii (Coccinellidae, Epilachninae, Epilachnini) [larva] and Crassocephalum vitellinum (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Senecioneae) — 04.05.2023
Hypolixus cf. haerens (Curculionidae, Lixinae, Lixini) and cf. Guizotia scabra (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Millerieae) — 13.04.2023
cf. Pantomorus cervinus (Curculionidae, Entiminae, Naupactini) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 08.05.2023
cf. Pantomorus cervinus (Curculionidae, Entiminae, Naupactini) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 08.05.2023
Plant gall sp. and Tylosema fassoglensis (Fabaceae, Cercidoideae, Cercideae) — 11.03.2022
Diplognatha gagates (Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae, Diplognathini) and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae, Lantanoideae, Lantaneae) — 24.10.2022
Diplognatha gagates (Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae, Diplognathini) and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae, Lantanoideae, Lantaneae) — 24.10.2022
Spermestes cf. bicolor (Estrildidae, Lonchurinae) and Poaceae sp. — 27.02.2023
Uraeginthus bengalus (Estrildidae, Lagonostictinae) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 23.02.2023
Crithagra citrinelloides (Fringillidae, Carduelinae, Carduelini) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 17.03.2023
cf. Odontotermes sp. (Termitidae, Macrotermitinae, Odontotermitini) [♀♀] and Centella asiatica (Apiaceae, Mackinlayoideae, Mackinlayeae) [♀] — 12.11.2022
cf. Odontotermes sp. (Termitidae, Macrotermitinae, Odontotermitini) [♀, ⚲⚲] and Poaceae sp. and Centella asiatica (Apiaceae, Mackinlayoideae, Mackinlayeae) [background] [♀] — 12.11.2022
Plant gall sp. and Guizotia scabra (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Millerieae) — 27.02.2023
cf. Uroleucon sp. (Aphididae, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) and Sonchus oleraceus (Asteraceae, Cichoroideae, Cichorieae) — 22.10.2022
Caura rufiventris (Pentatomidae, Pentatominae, Cappaeini) — 04.08.2022
Caura rufiventris (Pentatomidae, Pentatominae, Cappaeini) [nymph] — 29.08.2022
Locris cf. vicina (Cercopidae, Cercopinae, Locrisini) and Tylosema fassoglensis (Fabaceae, Cercidoideae, Cercideae) — 18.08.2022
Ptyelus cf. grossus (Aphrophoridae, Aphrophorinae, Ptyleini) — 24.10.2022
Dalapax postica (Flatidae, Flatinae, Nephesini) and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae, Lantanoideae, Lantaneae) — 29.08.2022
Apis mellifera scutellata (Apidae, Apinae, Apini) [⚲] and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 28.03.2023
Xylocopa cf. scioensis (Apidae, Xylocopinae, Xylocopini) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 09.05.2023
Junonia terea (Nymphalidae, Nymphalinae, Junonini) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 17.10.2022
Eurema hecabe (Pieridae, Coliadinae, Euremini) and Justicia flava (Acanthaceae, Acanthoideae, Justicieae) — 17.03.2023
Hypolimnas misippus (Nymphalidae, Nymphalinae, Kallimini) [♂] and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae, Lantanoideae, Lantaneae) — 23.02.2023
cf. Borbo fatuellus (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae, Boarini) and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae, Lantanoideae, Lantaneae) — 25.03.2023
Eretmocera sp. (Scythrididae, Scythridinae, Scythridini) and Guizotia scabra (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Millerieae) — 06.03.2023
Apis mellifera scutellata (Apidae, Apinae, Apini) [⚲] and Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Coreopsideae) — 08.05.2023
cf. Megachilidae sp. and cf. Brachiaria cf. nrizantha (Poaceae, Panicoidieae, Paniceae) — 06.09.2022
cf. Maladera insanabilis (Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae, Sericini) [larva] and soil — 06.04.2023
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cf. Melanopsichium eleusinis (Ustilaginaeae) and Eleusine indica (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae) — 13.07.2022
Puccinia cf. oxalidis (Pucciniaceae) and Oxalis latifolia (Oxalidaceae, Oxalidoideae, Oxalideae) — 16.01.2023
Brachymeria sp. (Chalcididae, Brachymeriinae, Brachymeriini) — 19.09.2022
Chrysis lincea (Chrysididae, Chrysidinae, Chrysidini) and dead wood — 16.03.2022
Kapala ivorensis (Eucharitidae, Eucharitinae, Eucharitini) [♀] and Hoslundia opposita (Lamiaceae, Nepetoideae, Ocimeae) — 27.03.2023
Aleiodes sp. (Braconidae, Rogadinae, Aleiodini) [♀] — 21.10.2022
Xorides maculiceps (Ichneumonidae, Xoridinae, Xoridini) [♀] — 29.08.2022
Ixodida, Ixodoidea sp. and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 21.10.2022
cf. Poophilus terrenus (Aphrophoridae, Aphrophorinae, Ptyleini) and Laboulbeniomycetes sp. and Centella asiatica (Apiaceae, Mackinlayoideae, Mackinlayeae) — 29.08.2022
cf. Poophilus terrenus (Aphrophoridae, Aphrophorinae, Ptyleini) and Laboulbeniomycetes sp. and Centella asiatica (Apiaceae, Mackinlayoideae, Mackinlayeae) — 29.08.2022
Camponotus cf. maculatus (Formicidae, Formicinae, Camponotini) [⚲] and cf. Uroleucon sp. (Aphididae, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) and Crassocephalum vitellinum (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Senecioneae) — 30.09.2022
Caloplaca sp. (Teloschistaceae) and Trebouxia sp. (Trebouxiaeae) and rock surface — 28.03.2023
cf. Aspicilia sp. (Megasporaceae) and Trebouxia sp. (Trebouxiaeae) and rock surface — 28.03.2023
cf. Hermetia sp. (Stratiomyidae, Hermetiinae, Hermetiini) — 30.08.2022
cf. Hermetia sp. (Stratiomyidae, Hermetiinae, Hermetiini) — 27.02.2023
cf. Blattella germanica (Ectobiidae, Blattellinae, Blattellini) — 03.10.2022
Isopoda sp. and concrete surface — 01.04.2023
Archispirostreptus gigas (Spirostreptidae, Spirostreptinae, Spirostreptini) and concrete surface — 18.03.2022
cf. Marasmius sp. (Marasmiaceae) and dead leaves — 20.03.2023
Parasola sp. (Psathyrellaceae) and soil — 20.03.2023
Parasola sp. (Psathyrellaceae) and soil — 20.03.2023
Aposematism, Mimicry, Crypsis
Polistes badius (Vespidae, Polistinae, Polistini) and Tylosema fassoglensis (Fabaceae, Cercidoideae, Cercideae) — 23.08.2022
Aleiodes sp. (Braconidae, Rogadinae, Aleiodini) [♂] and Solanum incanum (Solanaceae, Solanoideae, Solaneae) — 15.10.2022
Danaus chrysippus chrysippus (Nymphalidae, Danainae, Danaini) and Crassocephalum vitellinum (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Senecioneae) — 30.01.2023
Rhanidophora cinctigutta (Erebidae, Erebinae, Calpinae, Calpini) [larva] and Alternanthera pungens (Amaranthaceae, Gomphrenoideae, Gomphreneae) — 18.08.2022
cf. Clytra sp. (Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae, Clytrini) and Desmodium incanum (Fabaceae, Faboideae, Desmodieae) — 01.04.2023
Cheilomenes sulphurea (Coccinellidae, Coccinellinae, Coccinellini) and Guizotia scabra (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Millerieae) — 11.03.2023
cf. Cheilomenes sulphurea (Coccinellidae, Coccinellinae, Coccinellini) [larva] and Formicidae sp. and Crassocephalum vitellinum (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Senecioneae) — 04.05.2023
Lycus cf. trabeatus (Lycidae, Lycinae, Lycini) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 28.06.2022
Malachius cf. bipustulatus (Melyridae, Malachiinae, Malachiini) and dead stalk — 03.03.2023
Hycleus tinctus (Meloidae, Meloinae, Mylabrini) and Hewittia malabarica (Convolvulaceae, Convolvuloideae, Merremieae) — 23.08.2022
Synhoria cf. cephalotes (Meloidae, Nemognathinae, Horiini) — 04.11.2022
Paederus sabaeus (Staphylinidae, Paederinae, Paederini) — 14.03.2023
Spilostethus furcula (Lygaeidae, Lygaeinae, Lygaeini) [nymph] and Solanum incanum (Solanaceae, Solanoideae, Solaneae) — 09.05.2023
Deraeocoris ribauti (Miridae, Deraeocorinae) — 06.09.2022
Caura rufiventris (Pentatomidae, Pentatominae, Cappaeini) [nymph] — 29.08.2022
cf. Stenozygum coloratum (Pentatomidae, Pentatominae, Strachiini) — 30.08.2023
Cryptacrus comes (Scutelleridae, Scutellerinae, Scutellerini) — 28.10.2022
Plecia ruficollis (Bibionidae, Pleciinae, Pleciini) and cf. Lantana camara (Verbenaceae, Lantanoideae, Lantaneae) — 21.07.2022
Eudocima materna (Erebidae, Calpinae, Ophiderini) and Poaceae sp. — 18.05.2023
Eudocima materna (Erebidae, Calpinae, Ophiderini) and Poaceae sp. — 09.05.2023
Agrius convolvuli (Sphingidae, Sphinginae, Acherontiini) and tree trunk — 09.11.2022
Eretmocera sp. (Scythrididae, Scythridinae, Scythridini) and Alternanthera pungens (Amaranthaceae, Gomphrenoideae, Gomphreneae) — 01.03.2023
Eretmocera sp. (Scythrididae, Scythridinae, Scythridini) and Alternanthera pungens (Amaranthaceae, Gomphrenoideae, Gomphreneae) — 01.03.2023
Eretmocera sp. (Scythrididae, Scythridinae, Scythridini) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 06.03.2023
Eretmocera sp. (Scythrididae, Scythridinae, Scythridini) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 08.03.2023
Apis mellifera scutellata (Apidae, Apinae, Apini) [⚲] and Crassocephalum vitellinum (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Senecioneae) — 04.05.2023
Thyreus sp. (Apidae, Apinae, Melectini) and Justicia flava (Acanthaceae, Acanthoideae, Justicieae) — 17.03.2023
Aleiodes sp. (Braconidae, Rogadinae, Aleiodini) [♂] and Solanum incanum (Solanaceae, Solanoideae, Solaneae) — 15.10.2022
Polistes badius (Vespidae, Polistinae, Polistini) and leaf litter of cf. Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 23.08.2022
Rhynchium cf. oculatum (Vespidae, Eumeninae, Odynerini) and Poaceae sp. — 05.04.2023
Amata schellhorni (Erebidae, Arctiinae, Syntomini) — 30.09.2022
Ceryx fulvescens (Erebidae, Arctiinae, Syntomini) and Solanum incanum (Solanaceae, Solanoideae, Solaneae) — 28.10.2022
cf. Stenozygum coloratum (Pentatomidae, Pentatominae, Strachiini) — 30.08.2023
Caura rufiventris (Pentatomidae, Pentatominae, Cappaeini) [nymph] — 29.08.2022
Acraea encedon f. fumosa (Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae, Acraeini) and Poaceae sp. — 19.07.2022
Acraea serena (Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae, Acraeini) [♂] and Phyllanthus urinaria (Phyllanthaceae, Phyllanthoideae, Phyllantheae) — 14.03.2022
Hypolimnas misippus (Nymphalidae, Nymphalinae, Kallimini) [♀] — 23.11.2022
Melittia cf. oedipus (Sesiidae, Sesiidae, Melittiini) and Alternanthera pungens (Amaranthaceae, Gomphrenoideae, Gomphreneae) — 18.10.2022
Myrmoplasta vittiventris (Pyrrhocoridae) and Poaceae sp. — 17.03.2023
cf. Riptortus dentipes (Alydidae, Alydini) [nymph] and cf. Guizotia scabra (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Millerieae) — 16.02.2023
cf. Riptortus dentipes (Alydidae, Alydini) [nymph] and cf. Guizotia scabra (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Millerieae) — 16.01.2023
cf. Clytra sp. (Chrysomelidae, Cryptocephalinae, Clytrini) and Poaceae sp. — 01.04.2023
cf. Chiridopsis sp. (Chrysomelidae, Cassidinae, Cassidini) and Ipomoea carnea fistulosa (Convolvulaceae, Convolvuloideae, Ipomoeeae) — 01.09.2022
Steganocerus multipunctatus (Scutelleridae, Tectocorinae, Sphaerocorini) and Solanum incanum (Solanaceae, Solanoideae, Solaneae) — 06.12.2022
cf. Adelphocoris sp. (Miridae, Mirinae, Mirini) — 15.10.2022
Bombylella ornata (Bombyliidae, Bombyliinae, Bombyliini) and Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Coreopsideae) — 17.10.2022
Bombomyia discoidea (Bombyliidae, Bombyliinae, Bombyliini) and dead stalk — 19.07.2022
Helophilus sp. (Syrphidae, Eristalinae, Eristalini) and Poaceae sp. — 23.09.2022
Asarkina ericetorum (Syrphidae, Syrphinae, Syrphini) and Poaceae sp. — 22.07.2022
Phytomia natalensis (Syrphidae, Eristalinae, Eristalini) and Guizotia scabra (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Millerieae) — 23.12.2022
Toxomerus floralis (Syrphidae, Syrphinae, Syrphini) and Poaceae sp. — 04.07.2022
cf. Cylindromyia sp. (Tachinidae, Phasiinae, Cylindromyiini) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 01.09.2022
cf. Cylindromyia sp. (Tachinidae, Phasiinae, Cylindromyiini) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 03.10.2022
Myrmarachne sp. (Salticidae, Salticinae, Myrmarachnini) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 28.03.2023
Myrmarachne sp. (Salticidae, Salticinae, Myrmarachnini) — 28.03.2023
Mexcala elegans (Salticidae, Salticinae, Chrysillini) [♂] and stone wall surface — 04.08.2022
Junonia oenone (Nymphalidae, Nymphalinae, Junoniini) [♂] and soil surface — 20.06.2022
Junonia oenone (Nymphalidae, Nymphalinae, Junonini) [♀] and Guizotia scabra (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Millerieae) — 30.03.2023
Ypthima cf. doleta (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Satyrini) and Poaceae sp. — 20.07.2022
Euchrysops cnejus (Lycaenidae, Polyommatinae, Polyommatini) and Justicia flava (Acanthaceae, Acanthoideae, Justicieae) — 17.03.2023
Leptotes pirithous (Lycaenidae, Polyommatinae, Polyommatini) [♀, oviposition] and Vigna luteola (Fabaceae, Faboideae, Phaseoleae) — 13.07.2022
Cacyreus marshalli (Lycaenidae, Polyommatinae, Polyommatini) — 23.08.2022
Rhanidophora cinctigutta (Erebidae, Erebinae, Calpinae, Calpini) and Kyllinga cf. pauciflora (Cyperaceae, Cyperoideae, Cypereae) — 13.07.2022
Cyligramma latona (Erebidae, Erebinae, Erebini) and soil surface and cf. Centella asiatica (Apiaceae, Mackinlayoideae, Mackinlayeae) (dead leaf) — 20.03.2023
Helcystogramma septella (Gelechiidae, Dichomeridinae, Dichomeridini) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 31.10.2022
Gesonia stictigramma (Erebinae, Boletobiinae, Phytometrini) and Poaceae sp. (dead leaf) — 18.08.2022
Aspavia armigera (Pentatomidae, Pentatominae, Eysarcorini) and Poaceae sp. — 20.07.2022
Carbula sp. (Pentatomidae, Pentatominae, Eysarcorini) — 05.12.2022
Pseudocreobotra wahlbergi (Hymenopodidae, Hymenopodinae, Hymenopodini) and Guizotia scabra (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Millerieae) — 24.07.2023
Pseudocreobotra wahlbergi (Hymenopodidae, Hymenopodinae, Hymenopodini) — 25.06.2023
Leucauge sp. (Tetragnathidae, Leucauginae, Leucaugini) and Parthenium hysterophorum (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 22.02.2023
Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Coreopsideae) — 28.10.2022
Thomisus cf. daradioides (Thomisidae, Thomisinae, Thomisini) and Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Coreopsideae) and Apis mellifera scutellata (Apidae, Apinae) [⚲] and cf. Desmometopa sp. (Milichiidae, Madizinae, Madizini) — 26.10.2022
Photinus sp. (Lampyridae, Lampyrinae, Photinini) — 31.10.2022
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Amietia nutti (Pyxicephalidae, Cacosterninae) and water surface — 21.10.2022
cf. Tibellus sp. (Philodromidae, Philodrominae, Thanatini) and cf. Formicidae sp. and cf. Desmometopa sp. (Milichiidae, Madizinae, Madizini) and rope — 03.03.2023
cf. Tibellus sp. (Philodromidae, Philodrominae, Thanatini) and cf. Formicidae sp. and cf. Desmometopa sp. (Milichiidae, Madizinae, Madizini) and rope — 03.03.2023
Chrysis lincea (Chrysididae, Chrysidinae, Chrysidini) and dead wood — 16.03.2022
Chrysis lincea (Chrysididae, Chrysidinae, Chrysidini) and plastered stone wall surface — 03.03.2023
Chamaeleo dilepis (Chamaelenidae, Chamaeleoninae, Chamaeleonini) and Markhamia lutea (Bignoniaceae, Tecomeae) — 11.09.2023
Philothamnus cf. battersbyi (Colubridae, Colubrinae) — 04.02.2023
Amietia nutti (Pyxicephalidae, Cacosterninae) and water surface — 26.09.2022
Rhodometra sacraria (Geometridae, Sterrhinae, Rhodometrini) and stalk — 17.10.2022
Eudocima materna (Erebidae, Calpinae, Ophiderini) and Poaceae sp. — 09.05.2023
Chilocorus schioedtei (Coccinellidae, Chilocorinae, Chilocorini) — 03.03.2023
Cicadidae sp. and Camponotus sp. (Formicidae, Formicinae, Camponotini) [⚲⚲] — 22.06.2023
Acrida cf. sulphuripennis (Acrididae, Acridinae, Acridini) [♀] [nymph] and Poaceae sp. — 29.08.2022
Acrididae sp. [nymph] and Poaceae sp. — 20.07.2022
Conocephalus maculatus (Tettigoniidae, Conocephalinae, Conocephalini) and Poaceae sp. — 21.07.2022
Phaneroptera cf. nana (Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae, Phaneropterini) and Solanum incanum (Solanaceae, Solanoideae, Solaneae) — 02.03.2023
Sclerophrys gutturalis (Bufonidae) and soil surface — 31.07.2023
Kassina senegalensis (Hyperoliidae, Kassininae, Kassinini) and soil surface — 26.06.2023
Bicyclus vulgaris (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Satyrini) and Poaceae sp. — 04.10.2022
Antigastra catalaunalis (Crambidae, Spilomelinae, Margaroniini) and Poaceae sp. (dead leaf) — 08.02.2023
Trigonodes hyppasia (Erebidae, Erebinae, Euclidiini) and Poaceae sp. (dead leaf) — 15.03.2022
Mocis mayeri (Erebidae, Erebinae, Euclidiini) — 14.03.2022
Anticarsia irrorata (Erebidae, Eulepidotinae, Panopodini) and dead leaf — 19.07.2022
Aroa discalis (Erebidae, Lymantriinae, Orgyiini) [♂] and Poaceae sp. — 07.08.2022
cf. Athetis scotopis (Noctuidae, Noctuinae, Caradrinini) — 05.07.2022
Epicrocis oegnusalis (Pyralidae, Phycitinae, Phycitini) and Poaceae sp. — 09.05.2023
Epicrocis oegnusalis (Pyralidae, Phycitinae, Phycitini) and Poaceae sp. — 01.10.2022)
Elasmoscelis cf. stali (Lophopidae, Lophopinae, Elasmoscelini) [nymph] and Poaceae sp. — 17.02.2023
Elasmoscelis cf. stali (Lophopidae, Lophopinae) [nymph] — 19.01.2023
cf. Mantis religiosa (Mantidae, Mantinae, Mantini) [nymph] and Tylosema fassoglensis (Fabaceae, Cercidoideae, Cercideae) — 12.03.2022
Statilia sp. (Mantidae, Mantinae, Mantini) — 17.08.2023
Acanthacris cf. ruficornis (Acrididae, Cyrtacanthacridinae) [♂,♀] — 09.03.2022
Amietia nutti (Pyxicephalidae, Cacosterninae) and water surface — 21.10.2022
Amietia nutti (Pyxicephalidae, Cacosterninae) [tadpole] and water surface — 28.03.2023
Culladia cf. achroellum (Crambidae, Crambinae, Crambini) and Solanum incanum (Solanaceae, Solanoideae, Solaneae) — 28.10.2022
Culladia cf. achroellum (Crambidae, Crambinae, Crambini) — 30.09.2022
Entomogramma pardus (Erebidae, Erebinae, Hypopyrini) and stalk — 08.08.2023
Cyligramma latona (Erebidae, Erebinae, Erebini) and soil surface and cf. Centella asiatica (Apiaceae, Mackinlayoideae, Mackinlayeae) (dead leaf) — 20.03.2023
cf. Acrolophus sp. (Tineidae, Acrolophinae, Acrolophini) and dead stalk — 17.10.2022
cf. Brachycerus sp. (Brachyceridae, Brachycerinae, Brachycerini) and dead stalk — 29.08.2022
cf. Ortheziidae sp. — 01.10.2022
cf. Limax sp. (Limacidae, Limacinae, Limacini) and leaf litter — 02.03.2023
cf. Mantis religiosa (Mantidae, Mantinae, Mantini) [nymph] and Poaceae sp. — 23.08.2022
cf. Mantis religiosa (Mantidae, Mantinae, Mantini) [nymph] and Tylosema fassoglensis (Fabaceae, Cercidoideae, Cercideae) — 12.03.2022
Desmodium uncinatum (Fabaceae, Faboideae, Desmodieae) — 01.04.2023
Desmodium uncinatum (Fabaceae, Faboideae, Desmodieae) — 30.08.2022
Argiope trifasciata (Araneidae, Argiopinae, Argiopini) — 28.03.2023
Catopsilia florella (Pieridae, Coliadinae, Coliadini) [♂] and Poaceae — 11.03.2023
Bicyclus vulgaris (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae, Satyrini) and Poaceae sp. — 04.10.2022
Toxomerus floralis (Syrphidae, Syrphinae, Syrphini) and Poaceae sp. — 21.07.2022
Toxomerus floralis (Syrphidae, Syrphinae, Syrphini) [♂,♀] and Poaceae sp. — 28.06.2022
Crocothemis erythraea (Libellulidae, Sympetrinae, Sympetrini) and dead stalk — 21.10.2022
Crocothemis erythraea (Libellulidae, Sympetrinae, Sympetrini) and dead stalk — 28.09.2022
Phalanta phalantha (Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae, Vagrantini) and Asystasia gangetica (Acanthaceae, Acanthoideae, Justicieae) — 26.09.2022
Spiala diomus (Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Carcharodini) — 24.09.2022
Spiala diomus (Hesperiidae, Pyrginae, Carcharodini) and Poaceae sp. — 16.10.2022
Orthetrum sp. (Libellulidae, Libellulinae, Libellulini) [♂] and stalk — 21.10.2022
Palpopleura portia (Libellulidae, Palpopleurinae, Palpopleurini) [♂] and stalk — 16.06.2022
Zebronia phenice (Crambidae, Spilomelinae, Margaroniini) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 26.09.2022
Diaphania indica (Crambidae, Spilomelinae, Margaroniini) and Poaceae sp. — 18.10.2022
Pollination types
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Leonotis nepetifolia (Lamiaceae, Lamioideae, Leucadeae) — 19.07.2022
Xylocopa nigrita (Apidae, Xylocopinae, Xylocopini) and Tylosema fassoglensis (Fabaceae, Cercidoideae, Cercideae) — 06.07.2023
Apis mellifera scutellata (Apidae, Apinae, Apini) [⚲] and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 28.03.2023
Xylocopa cf. scioensis (Apidae, Xylocopinae, Xylocopini) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 09.05.2023
Xylocopa caffra (Apidae, Xylocopinae, Xylocopini) [♀] and Tylosema fassoglensis (Fabaceae, Cercidoideae, Cercideae) — 21.11.2022
Vanessa cardui (Nymphalidae, Nymphalinae, Nymphalini) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 10.06.2023
Junonia terea (Nymphalidae, Nymphalinae, Junonini) and Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Heliantheae) — 17.10.2022
Acraea cabira (Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae, Acraeini) and cf. Emilia coccinea (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Senecioneae) — 04.08.2022
Acraea acerata (Nymphalidae, Heliconiinae, Acraeini) and Guizotia scabra (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Millerieae) — 30.08.2022
Hypolimnas misippus (Nymphalidae, Nymphalinae, Kallimini) [♀] and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae, Lantanoideae, Lantaneae) — 23.02.2023
Cacyreus marshalli (Lycaenidae, Polyommatinae, Polyommatini) and Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Coreopsideae) — 24.07.2023
Euchrysops cnejus (Lycaenidae, Polyommatinae, Polyommatini) and Justicia flava (Acanthaceae, Acanthoideae, Justicieae) — 08.03.2023
Jasminum dichotomum (Oleaceae, Jasminoideae, Jasmineae) — 30.09.2022
Jasminum dichotomum (Oleaceae, Jasminoideae, Jasmineae) — 22.05.2023
Amata schellhorni (Erebidae, Arctiinae, Syntomini) and Guizotia scabra (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Millerieae) — 01.07.2023
Amata schellhorni (Erebidae, Arctiinae, Syntomini) and Guizotia scabra (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Millerieae) — 01.07.2023
Hycleus tinctus (Meloidae, Meloinae, Mylabrini) and Hewittia malabarica (Convolvulaceae, Convolvuloideae, Merremieae) — 23.08.2022
Euphorbia heterophylla (Euphorbiaceae, Euphorbioideae, Euphorbieae) — 02.05.2023
cf. Rhyparochromidae sp. and Euphorbia heterophylla (Euphorbiaceae, Euphorbioideae, Euphorbieae) — 09.05.2023
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Dispersal types
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Hypolimnas misippus (Nymphalidae, Nymphalinae, Kallimini) [♀] and Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Coreopsideae) — 28.06.2022
cf. Halictus sp. (Halictidae, Halictinae, Halictini) and Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Coreopsideae) — 06.06.2022
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Markhamia lutea (Bignoniaceae, Tecomeae) — 09.11.2022
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Abiotic Structures
Argiope trifasciata (Araneidae, Argiopinae, Argiopini) — 28.03.2023
Argiope levii (Araneidae, Argiopinae, Argiopini) and spider web and Poaceae sp. — 18.01.2023
cf. Neoscona sp. (Araneidae, Araneinae) [♀] and spider web and Poaceae sp. — 29.03.2022
Apidae, Meliponinae, Meliponini sp. and metal frame — 26.09.2023
Apidae, Meliponinae, Meliponini sp. and metal frame — 26.09.2023
cf. Odontotermes sp. (Termitidae, Macrotermitinae, Odontotermitini) and termite passageway from soil and Solanum incanum (Solanaceae, Solanoideae, Solaneae) — 04.03.2023
cf. Odontotermes sp. (Termitidae, Macrotermitinae, Odontotermitini) and termite passageway from soil and Solanum incanum (Solanaceae, Solanoideae, Solaneae) — 04.03.2023
cf. Lycosidae sp. and hole in soil surface — 27.03.2023
Lanius collaris (Laniidae, Laniinae) and bird nest and Mimosa pigra (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae, Mimoseae) — 31.10.2022
Delta emarginatum (Vespidae, Eumeninae, Eumenini) and clay nest and timber — 01.04.2023
Polistes cf. africanus (Vespidae, Polistinae, Polistini) and Solanum incanum (Solanaceae, Solanoideae, Solaneae) — 02.06.2023
Polistes sp. (Vespidae, Polistinae, Polistini) and nest — 23.11.2022
Galls, leaf mines, leaf feeding marks